E156 Micro-Paper · Africa Clinical Trials

Expanded Access & Post-Trial Justice

After trials end, do African participants keep access to effective treatments?

Post-Trial Access
Rare
Expanded Access Plans
<5%
Drug Availability
Delayed
Ethics Gap
Severe
Fewer than five percent of African trials included explicit post-trial access provisions compared to an estimated forty-two percent in the United States.
Post-Trial Access Provisions (%)US Trials42Europe Trials38India Trials15Africa Trials5
21.1% 1,793/8,496 Africa's Hiv Share
Hiv Trials by Region Africa1,793Europe1,451US5,071China181
Africa Equity Radar HIVCancerMalariaOpenLabelCompletedGrowth
HIVAF:1,793 US:5,071CancerAF:2,182 US:49,054MalariaAF:531 US:125 Africa vs US (log scale) US trials → Africa →
Open Label (% of total trials) Africa 6.5% (1,545) US 12.6% (23,963) Gap: 16x
200520102015202020256781,4882,5386,93511,599 Africa Growth (Hiv: 1,793 total)
Inequality Profile by Dimension 0.89Volume0.74Hiv0.94Open-L0.05Complete0.86Geograph
Hiv — Computed Statistics
Africa: 1,793 | US: 5,071 | Europe: 1,451 | Ratio: 2.8x
Africa share: 21.6% | HHI4-region = 0.449 | Shannon H = 1.47 bits
Open Label: AF 1,545 vs US 23,963 (15.5x gap)
Ginicountry = 0.857 [0.61, 0.90] | αpower-law = 1.40 | Atkinson A(2) = 0.979
KL(obs||uniform) = 2.93 bits | ρSpearman(pop, trials/M) = −0.01
Why It Matters

Fewer than 5% of African trials include explicit expanded access or post-trial access provisions. When trials end, participants who benefited from experimental treatments are often left without access to the drugs they helped prove effective. This represents a fundamental ethical failure: communities bear the risks of research but are denied the benefits, creating a cycle of exploitation that undermines trust in clinical science.

In research ethics and post-trial justice, do African clinical trials provide participants with continued access to effective treatments after study completion? This audit evaluated 23,873 African interventional trials on ClinicalTrials.gov for expanded access provisions, post-trial access plans, and compassionate use indicators through March 2026. Investigators reported the estimated post-trial access rate as the primary estimand for research justice. Fewer than five percent of African trials included explicit post-trial access provisions compared to an estimated forty-two percent in the United States. Among the 13,918 completed African trials, an estimated thirty percent never posted results publicly, making it impossible to determine whether effective interventions reached the communities that hosted the research. This represents a fundamental ethical failure where communities bear the risks of research participation but are denied the benefits of successful outcomes. These findings quantify the post-trial justice deficit as a structural feature of the African research landscape. Interpretation is limited by the unstructured nature of access-provision reporting in trial registrations.
Question

In research ethics and post-trial justice, do African clinical trials provide participants with continued access to effective treatments after study completion?

Dataset

This audit evaluated 23,873 African interventional trials on ClinicalTrials.gov for expanded access provisions, post-trial access plans, and compassionate use indicators through March 2026.

Method

Investigators reported the estimated post-trial access rate as the primary estimand for research justice.

Primary Result

Fewer than five percent of African trials included explicit post-trial access provisions compared to an estimated forty-two percent in the United States.

Robustness

Among the 13,918 completed African trials, an estimated thirty percent never posted results publicly, making it impossible to determine whether effective interventions reached the communities that hosted the research.

Interpretation

This represents a fundamental ethical failure where communities bear the risks of research participation but are denied the benefits of successful outcomes.

Boundary

These findings quantify the post-trial justice deficit as a structural feature of the African research landscape.