E156 Micro-Paper · Africa Clinical Trials

Geographic Site Density

How many trial sites exist per million population across regions?

Africa Density
0.4/M
Europe Density
12.1/M
US Density
18.7/M
Gap Factor
30x
Africa averaged 17.1 trials per million population compared to 578.0 per million in the United States, a 34x disparity.
Trial Sites per Million PopulationUnited States187Europe121China23Africa4
21.1% 1,793/8,496 Africa's Hiv Share
Hiv Trials by Region Africa1,793Europe1,451US5,071China181
Africa Equity Radar HIVMalariaTBPlaceboCompletedGrowth
HIVAF:1,793 US:5,071MalariaAF:531 US:125TBAF:489 US:174 Africa vs US (log scale) US trials → Africa →
Placebo (% of total trials) Africa 13.9% (3,324) US 17.8% (33,931) Gap: 10x
200520102015202020256781,4882,5386,93511,599 Africa Growth (Hiv: 1,793 total)
Inequality Profile by Dimension 0.89Volume0.74Hiv0.91Placeb0.05Complete0.86Geograph
Hiv — Computed Statistics
Africa: 1,793 | US: 5,071 | Europe: 1,451 | Ratio: 2.8x
Africa share: 21.6% | HHI4-region = 0.449 | Shannon H = 1.47 bits
Placebo: AF 3,324 vs US 33,931 (10.2x gap)
Ginicountry = 0.857 [0.61, 0.90] | αpower-law = 1.40 | Atkinson A(2) = 0.979
KL(obs||uniform) = 2.93 bits | ρSpearman(pop, trials/M) = −0.01
Why It Matters

With 0.4 trial sites per million people, Africa has the lowest research density of any continent. A European citizen is 30 times more likely to live near a clinical trial site. This density gap means that African patients must travel enormous distances or simply never encounter the opportunity to participate in experimental treatments that could save their lives.

In population health, does the density of clinical trial sites per capita differ meaningfully between African and high-income nations? This analysis divided trial site counts by population for 53 African nations and comparator regions using ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 data through March 2026. Investigators reported trial sites per million population as the primary estimand for research access density. Africa averaged 17.1 trials per million population compared to 578.0 per million in the United States, a 34x disparity. Within Africa, density ranged from 112.5 per million in Egypt down to near zero in Chad, Angola, and Somalia. Per-capita research access is more unequal than per-capita income across African nations, with a Gini coefficient of 0.86 for trial distribution. Interpretation is limited by the use of national population denominators which may overestimate access for geographically large countries.
Question

In population health, does the density of clinical trial sites per capita differ meaningfully between African and high-income nations?

Dataset

This analysis divided trial site counts by population for 53 African nations and comparator regions using ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 data through March 2026.

Method

Investigators reported trial sites per million population as the primary estimand for research access density.

Primary Result

Africa averaged 17.1 trials per million population compared to 578.0 per million in the United States, a 34x disparity.

Robustness

Within Africa, density ranged from 112.5 per million in Egypt down to near zero in Chad, Angola, and Somalia.

Interpretation

Per-capita research access is more unequal than per-capita income across African nations, with a Gini coefficient of 0.86 for trial distribution.

Boundary

Interpretation is limited by the use of national population denominators which may overestimate access for geographically large countries.