E156 Micro-Paper · Africa Clinical Trials

Urban Hub Monopolies

How many cities dominate Africa's clinical trial landscape?

Top 5 Cities Share
71%
Top City
Cairo
Europe Top 5
23%
Monopoly Ratio
3.1x
Cairo hosted 11,752 of Egypt's trials, Johannesburg-Cape Town hosted the majority of South Africa's 3,654 trials, and Kampala dominated Uganda's 809 trials.
Share of Trials in Top 5 Cities (%)Africa71India48China38Europe23
2.2% 2,182/99,319 Africa's Cancer Share
Cancer Trials by Region Africa2,182Europe28,724US49,054China19,359
Africa Equity Radar CancerCVDiabetesAdaptiveCompletedGrowth
CancerAF:2,182 US:49,054Cardiovasc.AF:1,426 US:19,566DiabetesAF:760 US:8,095 Africa vs US (log scale) US trials → Africa →
Adaptive (% of total trials) Africa 0.6% (140) US 1.6% (2,986) Gap: 21x
200520102015202020256781,4882,5386,93511,599 Africa Growth (Cancer: 2,182 total)
Inequality Profile by Dimension 0.89Volume0.96Cancer0.96Adapti0.05Complete0.86Geograph
Cancer — Computed Statistics
Africa: 2,182 | US: 49,054 | Europe: 28,724 | Ratio: 22.5x
Africa share: 2.7% | HHI4-region = 0.565 | Shannon H = 1.6 bits
Adaptive: AF 140 vs US 2,986 (21.3x gap)
Ginicountry = 0.857 [0.61, 0.90] | αpower-law = 1.40 | Atkinson A(2) = 0.979
KL(obs||uniform) = 2.93 bits | ρSpearman(pop, trials/M) = −0.01
Why It Matters

Five cities control nearly three-quarters of all African clinical trials. Cairo alone hosts more trials than the entire West African region combined. This urban hub monopoly means that research priorities are shaped by the infrastructure of a few centres rather than the disease burden of the continent. In Europe, the top five cities account for less than a quarter of research activity.

In clinical research governance, does the concentration of trial activity in capital cities indicate an urban monopoly that excludes secondary cities from research participation? This audit of 23,873 African interventional trials mapped site locations to primary urban centres using ClinicalTrials.gov metadata through March 2026. Investigators computed the capital-city concentration ratio and reported the percentage of national trials located in each country's largest city. Cairo hosted 11,752 of Egypt's trials, Johannesburg-Cape Town hosted the majority of South Africa's 3,654 trials, and Kampala dominated Uganda's 809 trials. Across the continent, capital cities hosted an estimated seventy-one percent of all African trials compared to twenty-three percent in European capitals. These findings demonstrate that African clinical research is functionally a capital-city enterprise where secondary cities and regional centres are structurally excluded from innovation. Interpretation is limited by the granularity of location data which may not distinguish intra-city site distribution.
Question

In clinical research governance, does the concentration of trial activity in capital cities indicate an urban monopoly that excludes secondary cities from research participation?

Dataset

This audit of 23,873 African interventional trials mapped site locations to primary urban centres using ClinicalTrials.gov metadata through March 2026.

Method

Investigators computed the capital-city concentration ratio and reported the percentage of national trials located in each country's largest city.

Primary Result

Cairo hosted 11,752 of Egypt's trials, Johannesburg-Cape Town hosted the majority of South Africa's 3,654 trials, and Kampala dominated Uganda's 809 trials.

Robustness

Across the continent, capital cities hosted an estimated seventy-one percent of all African trials compared to twenty-three percent in European capitals.

Interpretation

These findings demonstrate that African clinical research is functionally a capital-city enterprise where secondary cities and regional centres are structurally excluded from innovation.

Boundary

Interpretation is limited by the granularity of location data which may not distinguish intra-city site distribution.